PyPSA-ASEAN: A High-Resolution, Open-Source Model for Planning Southeast Asia’s Energy Future (Arsyan Mohamad Virio Andreyana et al. 2026)
Arsyan Mohamad Virio Andreyana, Fillea Fakhira, Sophia Bernadette Lunor, Paul Bertheau
The Southeast Asian region is confronted with a dual challenge, characterised by a rapid escalation in energy demand and the pressing imperative for substantial decarbonisation. Open-source energy models allow to develop transition pathways while offering transparency and collaborative potential. However, their adoption in the region remains limited due to data gaps and model accessibility. Here, we present PyPSA-ASEAN, an open-source sector-coupled energy system model designed to support Southeast Asia’s energy transition. The model features high spatial and temporal resolution. In this study we validate PyPSA-ASEAN against historical 2025 energy system data across ASEAN countries, confirming its accuracy in replicating observed system characteristics.
We then demonstrate the model’s capabilities through a comparative analysis of energy system development under different network configuration: one where regional interconnections are implemented as proposed by the ASEAN Power Grid initiative, and a contrasting scenario with only existing interconnections. We find that under a decarbonization pathway, regional interconnections open further buildout of variable renewable energy. PyPSA-ASEAN enables the establishment of a flexible, extensible, and transparent platform for policymakers, researchers, and developers to explore specific decarbonisation strategies within a coordinated regional context.